DEVELOPING AUTHENTIC TASK FOR
SPEAKING SKILL OF STUDENTS GRADE XI MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI (MAN)
PEMATANGSIANTAR
AN ARTICLE
Submitted
as Partial
Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana
Pendidikan
By:
PLINDAWATI SINAGA
Registration Number : 2122121030
ENGLISH
AND LITERATURE
DEPARTMENT
FACULTY
OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE
UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2016
DEVELOPING
AUTHENTIC TASK FOR SPEAKING SKILL OF STUDENTS GRADE XI MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI
(MAN) PEMATANGSIANTAR
*Plindawati
Sinaga
**Rahmad Husein
**Masitowarni Siregar
ABSTRACT
Plindawati
Sinaga. 2122121030. Developing Authentic Task for Speaking Skill of Students
Grade Xi Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (Man) Pematangsiantar. A thesis. English and
Literature Department. Faculty of Languages and Arts.State University of Medan.
2016
Developing teaching material is the
process of selecting, adapting and evaluating of teaching based on specific
terms of reference. Need Analysis is very important before developing teaching
materials for English for Specific Purpose. The study aims at exploring the
learning needs of 30 secretary students, and developing ESP materials for
secretary based on Need Analysis. The study uses Research and Developmental
(R& D) is suitable way to develop the materials. Based on the evaluation,
the materials teachers use in educating the students are not appropriate to the
students needs. It can be seen that the students need the materials which are
related to their major. The findings describe
the real needs of students of ESP for secretary, the lecturers’ view points on
the practice of ESP instructions, and descriptions of ESP for secretary used in English speaking countries. This
study focused on speaking, that related to the secretary students are about
Making Reservation and Making Arrangement. The results are very significant for
developer of ESP of various fields for they reflect the real needs of secretary
students. It is suggested that Secretary
English teaching materials should be based on the Need Analysis by ESP developer.
Key Words: Research and Developmental (R&D),
ESP Teaching Materials, Secretary Students.
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*Graduate Status
**Lecturer Status
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
In this Globalization Era, there has
been a tight competition among the companies. Therefore they need a good
quality of human resources to run the business and give some services to the
customers. Corporate Secretary is one of strategic position which shall be
conducted as to achieve better service to the top management. In carrying out
his/her job, the secretary services the top management, VIP guests and
expatriate.
Teaching
materials form an important part of most English language program. From
textbooks, videotapes, and picture to the internet, teachers rely heavily on a
diverse range of materials to support their teaching and their students’
learning. However, despite the current rich of English language teaching
materials commercially available. Anecdotal evidence suggests that many
teachers continue to produce their own materials for classroom use. Indeed,
most teachers spend considerable time finding, selecting, evaluating, adapting,
and making materials to use in their teaching. (Howard J: 2004).
ESP is generally
based on needs of the students, which are aimed at specifying what exactly the
students’ need in studying English. ESP practitioners are required to be
sensible in detecting their learner needs in the present situation and in the
target situation. The practitioner should develop their teaching materials
based on the learners’ preferences.
The
fact is, of course, being a problem for the teachers that the students learn
something that they do not need. Moreover the research finding reported by
Rustam (2006) suggests that ESP materials for Secretary should be developed
based on the learners’ needs and their future job. They learn English but their
English is not aimed to accommodate their needs. That is why their English felt
into fulfill subject matter only. Based on this, there is an assumption that
they do not have yet English Specific Purposes.
In
this study, the researcher is concerned with the English for Secretary
Students, especially with the syllabus and materials design. The design of ESP
materials in this study focus on speaking. The reason is that secretary
students generally need English for communication in order to get a better
understanding in spoken English. However, the new materials that have been
developed still based on the existing materials. In fact, the development of
teaching materials should be based on the learners’ need. ESP is defined to
meet specific needs of the learners. ESP may be related to or designed for
specific disciplines such as how ESP is implemented for Secretary Students.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Teaching is the process of transferring
knowledge. Teaching is one of the ways to transfer the knowledge and
information. In teaching a subject matter, teacher is required to provide the
appropriate and authentic materials based on the students needs. To gain
qualified expertise in English, the students
should be motivated by teaching and learning process. In other words,
appropriate design of materials
that based on
English for Specific Purpose
(ESP) is absolutely needed. To be
able to develop
new teaching materials, observation is needed to figure out the
students‟ need and what kind of materials
will be appropriate
for teaching them.
ESP
is not different from any other language teaching, that is based on the
principles of effective and efficient learning. ESP course are providing the
learners with competence of using English for specific fields of knowledge at
the advantage level. It also concerns the design of curriculum, using
approaches, methods and techniques in advanced ESP and develops materials for the
syllabus. ESP will help the learners to improve their main knowledge for
instance secretary students. ESP always moves to the target learning. English
will help them to understand language used in the secretary job and the
learners can understand to communicate effectively especially for secretary.
Through the developing
the ESP teaching materials based on the student major and needs, it is hoped
that the students can easily to understand and comprehend the materials students
will be much better in speak English because this study concerned in speaking. Developing
reading materials by using research and development based on the students needs
is aim to fit the materials with their major as secretary and the target
situation. The students will be helped because the material is related to their
prior knowledge. The teaching materials are developed based on the students
major to fit the materials with their background knowledge to provide the
appropriate and authentic material. The teaching materials also will add their
knowledge which related to the secretarial is beneficial for them later and
continuously. It also has aim to increase the students’ confidence in speak
English.
The
previous studies indicate that the developing the materials for students are based
on a number of principles. The principles are used to develop. Based on the
theoretical and conceptual framework, it is hoped that the developing teaching
materials help students to speak fluently in English. Then, student’s English
skill will be improved automatically.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
AND FINDINGS
Methodology
This research will be conducted by
using developmental research (R & D) which is adapted from Borg and Gall
(1985: 775). R & D is one of research design aim to develop and validate
the educational products, like curriculum, syllabus, textbooks, instructional
media, modules, assessment instrument, etc. (Borg and Gall, 1983).
This
research will be conducted by following five phases of R & D. They are (1)
analyzing existing syllabus, existing teaching materials and students’ needs,
then identify problems, (2) reviewing the theory of principle of ESP teaching
materials, (3) designing syllabus and ESP teaching materials, (4) validating
new ESP teaching materials to the experts, and (5) revising new teaching materials
suggested by the experts.
Techniques of
Analyzing the Data
The techniques in analyzing the data
are staged as follows:
1. Gathering
the information about target needs by sharing the questionnaires to the 2nd
Grade Students of Secretary at SMK BM SinarHusni.
2. Analyzing
the learning needs of the students for Secretary.
3. Designing
ESP for Secretary Students according to the results of need analysis based on
the students’ needs.
4. Developing
materials.
5. Revising.
6. Providing
draft.
7. Having
a group discussion then finally the prototype material was finished.
Findings
Based
on the previous analysis, it was found that the materials are not to serve the
students need in vocational school. This fact would really improved by
developing the appropriate materials to match their need. The students’ need in
vocational school is to speak about the more relevant to secretary students.
The students need is on speaking, so the development of materials was based on
the need of vocational school. The existing materials consist of dialogue and
exercise, speaking is appropriate for the students. The activities and
exercises are designed in such way to make the students work in-pairs or in
group, not in individual. Aside from that, the activities and the exercises are
designed to enhance the students’ proficiency in communication as well. The
sample of materials designed is provides in the research. The topics are about
making reservation and making arrangements. The development of materials can be
seen in appendix K. Here are some materials development about making
reservation and making arrangement:
1.
Making
Reservation
Activity 1
Read
The Following Dialogue:
Reserving
a room in a hotel
Receptionist:
Good evening, Danau Toba Hotel can I help you?
Caller : I’d like to reserve a single room,
please?
Receptionist:
For what date Sir?
Caller : From December 30th to
January 2nd.
Receptionist:
Let me check first. Oh yes, we still have a single room left for these dates.
Booking
a plane ticket
Airline
Staff: Good afternoon, what can I do for you Sir?
Caller : I’d like to book a ticket for
myself to Yogyakarta for next Friday afternoon.
Airline
Staff: Friday afternoon? Fine, Sir. There’s one flight to Yogyakarta at 4 p.m.
Expressions
used for making reservation:
ü
I would like to reserve a single room
for tonight.
ü
Could I reserve a table for two, please?
ü
Could I book a single ticket to London?
ü Could
I make reservation for my trip to France?
Making
Arrangement
Activity
1
Read the Dialogues
1.
Rahma:
Are you free on Saturday evening?
Lia : well, I have to accompany my mother to
the doctor to check up her health. What’s up?
Rahma: Actually, I’d like you to
accompany me to the book fair.
Lia : How about Sunday morning?
Rahma: Well, Sunday morning at
10.00 will be good.
2.
Man : I want to talk to you. Is 08.00 p.m.
next Tuesday convenience to you?
Woman: Well, actually I’d rather
have it in the afternoon.
Man : You mean at 01.00 p.m.?
Woman: Let’s make it at 02.00 o’clock.
CONCLUSION
AND SUGGESTIONS
Conclusions
Developing
teaching material is the process of selecting, adapting and evaluating of
teaching based on specific terms of reference. Need Analysis is very important
before developing teaching materials for English for Specific Purpose.After
analyzing the data, conclusions are drawn as the following: Speaking is the
most dominant skill for the learners’ need in learning English. However, other
language skills such as reading, listening, and writing are also crucial for
them. Functional and situational syllabuses were applied in developing the
materials. The functional syllabus focuses on the function of using English in
introducing self, making a short welcoming speech, giving hotel information,
dealing with reservation, etc. while the situational syllabus focuses on using
English in certain situations like, in the hotel, at the airport, at the travel
agency, etc. The derived functional and situational syllabus and materials
designs are potentially applied in real life situation to meet with secretary
students’ need.
The
findings describe the real needs of students of ESP for secretary, the
lecturers’ view points on the practice of ESP instructions, and descriptions of
ESP for secretary used in English speaking countries. This study focused on
speaking, that related to the secretary students are about Making Reservation
and Making Arrangement
Suggestions
In relations to the
conclusions, suggestions are staged as the following:
1. It
is suggested that the teachers and the students’ needs to be considered in
developing materials and syllabuses because the new materials development
depend on the students’ need especially in secretary students. It is suitable
with the major of vocational school.
2. It
is suggested that secretary teachers should apply this syllabus and materials
design in order to see in efficiency and in effectiveness of the design and
better improvement should be made. So the developer of the teaching materials,
should be based on the student’ needs.
3. It
is finally suggested that other researchers should conduct further studies on
deriving syllabus or material, which has very close reference to the students’
needs. In order to see in efficiency and effectiveness of the materials
development and to make a variety of teaching material.
REFERENCES
Hutchinson,
T and Waters, A. 1987.English for
Specific Purposes.A learning-Centered Approach.Cambridge University.
Rustam,(2006).
Key Issues in ESP Materials Development
for Chemical Engineering Students.PertemuanLinguistik 5 Utara. Medan
CMD
Team Teaching (2014).Curriculum and
Material Development.English Department Faculty of Languages and Arts.
State University of Medan
Hong
kong Hotel Reservation <http: hongkong hotel.com.hk/eng/package booking.php
ESP
Today.Journal of English for Specific
Purposes at Tertiary Level (2013) vol.1 (1): 113-126e-ISSN: 2334-9050
Howard,
J & Mayor, J (2004).TESOL Journal
Guidelines for Designing Effective English Language Teaching Materials.
Vol.12 (50-58)
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